Home arrow Sexual Health arrow Arousal disorder arrow Androgen Receptor Expression in Women and its Relationship to Sexual Function




Search
Vibrance Newsletter
Enter your email address below to receive the quarterly Vibrance Newsletter.

Email:

 


Androgen Receptor Expression in Women and its Relationship to Sexual Function PDF Print E-mail
Written by Jennifer Berman, MD   
Article Index
Androgen Receptor Expression in Women and its Relationship to Sexual Function
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11

References:

1. Burger, HG. Androgen Production in Women. Fertil Steril 2002;77(4 Suppl):S3-S5.

2. Maclean H, Warne G, Zajac J. Localization of functional domains in the androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997;62:233-42.

3. Traish AM, Kim N, Min K, et al. Role of Androgens in female genital sexual arousal: receptor expression, structure and function. Fertil Steril 2002;77(4):S11-S18.

4. Keller E, Ershler W, Chang C. The androgen receptor: a mediator of diverse responses. Front Biosci 1996;1:d59-71.

5. Lamb D, Weigel N, Marcelli M. Androgen receptors and their biology. Vitam Horm 2001;62:199-230.

6. Lobacarro J, Poujol N, Chiche L, et al. Molecular modeling and in vitro investigations of the human androgen receptor DNA-binding domain: application for the study of two mutations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996;116:137-147.

7. Mckenna N, Lanz R, O'Malley B. Nuclear Receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology. Endocr Rev 1999;20:321-344.

8. Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Bondy CA. Androgens and mammary growth and neoplasia. Fertil Steril 2002;77(suppl 4):S26-S33.

9. Wilburt D, Griffin J, Wilson J. Characterization of the cytosol androgen receptor of the human prostate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;56:113-120.

10. Wilson E, French F. Binding properties of androgen receptors. Evidence for identical receptors in rat testis, epididymis, and prostate. J Biol Chem 1976;251:5620-5629.

11. Zhou Z, Lane M, Kemppainen J, et al. Specificity of ligand-dependent androgen receptor stabilization: receptor domain interactions influence ligand dissociation and receptor stability. Mol Endocrinol 1995;9:208-218.

12. Modugno F. Ovarian Cancer and Polymorphisms in the Androgen and Progesterone Receptor Genes: A HuGE Review. Am J Epidem 2004;159(4):319-335.

13. Lobo RA. Androgens in postmenopausal women: production, possible role, and replacement options. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2001;56(6):361-376.

14. Burger H, Dudley EC, Cui J, et al. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone binding globulin levels through the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2832-2938.

15. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, et al. Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(8):2396-2402.

16. Lasley BL, Santoro N, Randolf JF, et al. The relationship of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and estradiol to stages of the menopausal transition and ethnicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:3760-3767.

17. Longcope C. Metabolic and blood production rates of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;111:778-781.

18. Vermuelen A. The hormonal activity of the postmenopausal ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;42:247-253.

19. Adashi EY. The climacteric ovary as a functional gonadotropin-driven androgen-producing gland. Fertil Steril 1994;62:20-27.

20. Judd HL, Lucas WE, Yen SCS. Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary: concentration of androgens and estrogens in ovarian and peripheral vein blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;39:1020.

21. Dowsett M, Cantwell B, Lal A, et al. Suppression of postmenopausal ovarian steroidogenesis with the lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist Goserelin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;66:672-677.

22. Sluijmer AV, Heineman MJ, De Jong FH, et al. Endocrine activity of the postmenopausal ovary: the effects of pituitary down-regulation and oophorectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:2163-2167.

23. Couzinet B, Meduri G, Lecce MG, et al. The postmenopausal ovary is not a major androgen-producing gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5060-5066.

24. Erickson GF, Magoffin DA, Dyer C, et al. The ovarian androgen producing cells: a review of structure/function relationships. Endocr Rev 1985;6:371-398.

25. Heineman MJ, Sluijmer AV, Ever JLH. Utero-ovarian vein blood sampling in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1993;60:184-186.

26. Rinaudo P, Strauss JF. Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary. Endocr Metabol Clin 2004;33(4):661-674.

27. Simon JA. Estrogen Replacement Therapy: effects on the endogenous androgen milieu. Fertil Steril 2002;77(4):S77-S82.

28. Labrie F, Luu V, Labrie C, et al. Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocr Rev 2003;24:152-182.

29. Simpson ER. Aromatization of androgens in women: current concepts and findings. Fertil Steril 2002;77(suppl 4):S6-S10.

30. Ukkola O, Rankinen T, Gagnon J, et al. A genome-wide scan for steroids and SHBG levels in black and white females: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:3708-3720.

31. Laan E, Van Lunsen RH. Hormones and sexuality in postmenopausal women: a psychophysiological study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1997;18:126-133.

32. Sarrel PM. Sexuality and Menopause. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75(Suppl):S26-30.

33. Sarrel PM. Ovarian hormones and vaginal blood flow using laser doppler velocimetry to measure effects in a clinical trial in postmenopausal women. Int J Impot Res 1998;10:S91-S93.

34. Simon JA, Klaiber E, Wiita B, et al. Differential effects of estrogen-androgen and estrogen-only therapy on vasomotor symptoms, gonadotropin secretion, and endogenous androgen bioavailability in postmenopausal women. Menopause 1999;6:138-146.

35. Sarrel PM. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexual psychophysiology and behavior in postmenopause. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9(Suppl 1):S25-S32.

36. Stenberg A, Heimer G, Ulmsten U. The prevalence of urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1995;22(Suppl):S17-S20.

37. Bulun SE, Simpson ER. Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in adipose tissue of buttocks, thighs and abdomen of women increase with advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:428-432.

38. Longcope C, Baler S. Androgen and estrogen dynamics: relationships with age, weight and menopause status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:601-604.

39. Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, et al. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and endogenous sex hormone levels in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85(2):645-651.

40. Tazuke S, Shaw KT. Exogenous estrogen and endogenous sex hormones. Medicine 1992;71:44-51.

41. Judd HL. Hormonal dynamics associated with the menopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1976;19:775-788.

42. Sarrel PM. Psychosexual effects of menopause: role of androgens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:S319-S324.

43. Sherwin BB. Hormones, mood, and cognitive functioning in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:S20-S26.

44. Avis N, Brambilla D, Mckinlay S, et al. A longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression: results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:15-21.

45. Sarrel P. Androgen deficiency: menopause and estrogen-related factors. Fertil Steril 2002;77(4):S63-S67.

46. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM. The role of androgen in the maintenance of sexual functioning in oophorectomized women. Psychosom Med 1987;49:397-409.

47. Sarrel P. Sexuality and Menopause. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75 (Suppl):S26-S30.

48. Sourla A, Flamand M, Belanger A, et al. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on vaginal and uterine histomorphology in the rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998;66:137-49.

49. Kennedy T, Armstrong D. Induction of vaginal mucification in rats with testosterone and 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one. Steroids 1976;27:423-30.

50. Hodgins M, R S, Mackie R, Maclean A. An immunohistochemical study of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the vulva and vagina. Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:216-222.

51. Berman J, Almeida F, Jolin J, et al. Correlation of androgen receptors, aromatase, and 5-alpha reductase in the human vagina with menopausal status. Fertil Steril 2003;79(4):925-931.

52. Ho M, Bhatia N, Bhasin S. Anabolic effects of androgens on muscles of female pelvic floor and lower urinary tract. Curr Op Obstet Gynecol 2004;16:405-409.

53. Nnodim J. Quantitative study of the effects of denervation and castration on the levator ani muscle of the rat. Anat Rec 1999;255:324-333.

54. Nnodim J. Testosterone modifies satellite cell activation in denervated rat levator ani muscle. Anat Rec 2001;263:19-24.

55. Monks D, O'bryant E, Jordan C. Androgen receptor immunoreactivity in skeletal muscle: enrichment at the neuromuscular junction. J Comp Neurol 2004;473:59-72.

56. Rosenweig B, Bolina P, Birch L, et al. Location and concentration of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors in the bladder and urethra of the rabbit. Neurourol Urodyn 1995;14:87-96.

57. Salmi S, Santti R, Gustafsson J, et al. Co-localization of androgen receptor with estrogen receptor beta in the lower urinary tract of the male rat. J Urology 2001;166:674-677.

58. Copas P, Bukovsky A, Asbury B, et al. Estrogen, Progesterone, and Androgen Receptor Expression in Levator Ani Muscle and Fascia. J Women's Health Gen-Based Med 2001;10(8):785-795.

59. Ewies A, Thompson J, Al-Azzawi F. Changes in gonadal steroid receptors in the cardinal ligaments of prolapsed uteri; immunohistomorphometric data. Hum Reprod 2004;19:1622-1628.

60. Bai S, Jung B, Chung B, et al. Relationship between urinary profile of the endogenous steroids and postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2003;22:198-205.

61. Maia H, Maltez A, Fahel P, et al. Detection of testosterone and estrogen receptors in the postmenopausal endometrium. Maturitas 2001;38:179-188.

62. Tada A, Sasaki H, Nakamura J, et al. Aromatase activity and the effect of estradiol and testosterone on DNA synthesis in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993;44:661-666.

63. Lea O, Kvinnsland S, Thorsen T. Improved measurement of androgen receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1989;49:7162-7167.

64. Davis S. Androgen Replacement in women: a commentary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1886-1891.

65. Birrell S, Hall R, Tilley W. Role of the Androgen Receptor in Human Breast Cancer. J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1998;3(1):95-103.

66. Recchione C, Venturelli E, Manzari A, et al. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and oestradiol levels in postmenopausal breast cancer tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995;52:541-546.

67. Bryan RM, Mercer RJ, Rennie GC, et al. Androgen receptors in breast cancer. Cancer 1984;54:2436-2440.

68. Tormey D, Lippman M, Edwards B, et al. Evaluation of Tamoxifen doses with and without fluoxymesterone in advanced breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:139-144.

69. Notelovitz M. Androgen effects on bone and muscle. Fertil Steril 2002;77(4):S34-S41.

70. Aloia J, McGowan D, Vaswani A, et al. The relationship of menopause to skeletal and muscle mass. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1378-1383.

71. Phillips S, Rook K, Siddle N, et al. Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Clin Sci 1993;84:94-98.

72. Sinha-Hakim I, Artaza J, Woodhouse L, et al. Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002;283:E154-E164.

73. Sinha-Hakim I, Roth S, Lee M, et al. Testosterone-induced muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in satellite cell number in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003;285:E197-E205.

74. Bhasin S, Taylor W, Singh R, et al. The mechanism of androgen effects on body composition: mesenchymal pluripotent cell as the target of androgen action. J Gerontol 2003;58A:1103-1110.

75. Liu P, Death A, Handelsman D. Androgens and Cardiovascular Disease. Endocr Rev 2003;24(3):313-340.

To discuss this topic or related topic with others, checkour Bulletin Board forums. Click here


Additional resources on female sexuality are available from MayoClinic.com:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kegel-exercises/WO00119
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sexual-health/HA00035
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/womens-health/WO00110
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sexual-health/HQ01363


Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )